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Morphine withdrawal dramatically reduces lymphocytes in morphine-dependent macaques.

Michael R Weed1, Lucy M Carruth, Robert J Adams

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BBRC Suite 3000, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. mweed@jhmi.edu

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology
|November 28, 2007
PubMed
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Chronic opiate exposure alters immune function. Morphine withdrawal significantly reduces CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ immune cells in macaques, highlighting critical immune system changes during opioid cessation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Primate Models

Background:

  • Opiate effects on the immune system are poorly understood.
  • Human studies have variable results due to uncontrolled factors.
  • Nonhuman primate models offer controlled environments for studying opiate effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a macaque model for opiate dependence.
  • To investigate immune function changes during morphine dependence and withdrawal.

Main Methods:

  • Four macaques voluntarily consumed morphine orally for several months.
  • Immune cell parameters were measured during stable dependence and withdrawal.
  • Withdrawal was induced via precipitated withdrawal or 24-hour abstinence.

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Main Results:

  • Morphine dependence decreased natural killer (NK) cells.
  • Withdrawal significantly decreased lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+) and increased neutrophils.
  • NK cell percentage increased during withdrawal, while absolute counts of CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells decreased by nearly 50%.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary oral morphine self-dosing is effective in nonhuman primates.
  • Morphine withdrawal causes significant alterations in immune cell populations.
  • The study highlights substantial reductions in key immune cells during opioid withdrawal.