Predictive parameters of gestational diabetes mellitus

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-specific carbohydrate intolerance.
• Early identification and management of GDM are vital for maternal and neonatal health.
• The prevalence and impact of GDM require ongoing investigation in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of GDM in Croatia using the 2-hour 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
• To evaluate the impact of GDM on neonatal outcomes and maternal health.
• To identify predictors of GDM and macrosomia.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 34,997 deliveries over 10 years at University Hospital Rijeka.
• Diagnosis of GDM using a 2-hour 75g OGTT.
• Logistic regression analysis to assess relationships between GDM, maternal factors, and neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

• GDM was diagnosed in 55 of 128 women with suspected glucose intolerance.
• Fasting plasma glucose >7.0 mmol/L and maternal overweight are strong predictors for GDM and macrosomia.
• No significant differences in delivery mode, vitality, or metabolic complications were observed between GDM and non-GDM groups.

Conclusions:

• The 2-hour 75g OGTT is effective for GDM evaluation.
• Good glycemic control and pre-conception weight loss counseling are essential for preventing GDM and reducing macrosomia rates.
• Maternal overweight and elevated fasting plasma glucose are significant risk factors for GDM and macrosomia.