Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How to view the autonomic nervous system as physiologist, anatomist and pharmacologist?

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Why The Polyvagal Theory Is Untenable: An international expert evaluation of the polyvagal theory and commentary upon Porges, S.W. (2025). Polyvagal theory: current status, clinical applications, and future directions. Clin. Neuropsychiatry, 22(3), 169-184.

Clinical neuropsychiatry·2026
Same author

Case report: Extreme respiratory sinus arrhythmia in a non-athlete female student - a peculiar finding at the Physiology practicum.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2024
Same author

A Network approach to find poor orthostatic tolerance by simple tilt maneuvers.

Frontiers in network physiology·2023
Same author

The multibranched nerve: vagal function beyond heart rate variability.

Biological psychology·2022
Same author

An inherited sudden cardiac arrest syndrome may be based on primary myocardial and autonomic nervous system abnormalities.

Heart rhythm·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice
09:56

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

Published on: February 14, 2021

Variability in cardiovascular control: the baroreflex reconsidered.

John M Karemaker1, Karel H Wesseling

  • 1Department of Physiology, Systems Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Rm M01-216, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.m.karemaker@amc.uva.nl

Cardiovascular Engineering (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|November 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Blood pressure control, often seen as homeostatic, shows significant variability. This study suggests this "noisiness" in the baroreflex, a key circulatory control, is an intrinsic property, not a measurement artifact.

More Related Videos

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver
14:28

Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver

Published on: June 27, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice
09:56

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

Published on: February 14, 2021

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver
14:28

Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver

Published on: June 27, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Blood pressure regulation is typically viewed as a homeostatic mechanism.
  • Baroreflex gain estimation using heart rate and blood pressure variability reveals significant fluctuations.
  • These fluctuations are observed even with short measurement periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence suggesting variability in baroreflex gain is an intrinsic property of circulatory control.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins and development of the baroreflex.
  • To highlight the inherent "noisiness" of the baroreflex as a nervous control system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on baroreflex function and variability.
  • Analysis of signal processing techniques for baroreflex gain estimation.
  • Examination of the evolutionary trajectory of the baroreflex from fishes to mammals.

Main Results:

  • Variability in baroreflex gain is likely an intrinsic characteristic of circulatory control, not a methodological artifact.
  • The baroreflex evolved from a simple gill pressure protection mechanism to complex cardiovascular regulation.
  • Stochastic mechanisms, alongside baroreflex inhibition, influence sympathetic outflow.

Conclusions:

  • The baroreflex exhibits inherent "noisiness" across all its components, from receptor input to efferent output.
  • Understanding this variability is crucial for a comprehensive view of blood pressure regulation.
  • The baroreflex is a complex system shaped by evolution, with ongoing stochastic influences on sympathetic activity.