Breaking the cycle of translation

Jason P Rife1, Gloria M Culver

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. jason.rife@vcu.edu

Molecular Cell
|November 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers uncovered new complexities in how cells decode translation stop codons. This finding adds to recent insights into peptide hydrolysis mechanisms, crucial for protein synthesis regulation.

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...