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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
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Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

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Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat
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Published on: February 23, 2024

Pathogenesis of Campylobacter.

Frédéric Poly1, Patricia Guerry

  • 1Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|November 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) research offer new tools to study this pathogen. Understanding C. jejuni pathogenesis is improving with new genomic and in-vivo model insights.

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Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens
08:23

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Published on: March 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Molecular pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) remains less understood compared to other enteric pathogens.
  • C. jejuni is a significant cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in the biology and pathogenesis of C. jejuni.
  • To highlight new tools and information for studying C. jejuni.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequencing to identify conserved and variable regions.
  • In vitro studies of C. jejuni interaction with eukaryotic cells.
  • In vivo studies using immune knockout mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Genome sequencing has revealed key genetic features of C. jejuni.
  • C. jejuni interactions trigger host cell signal transduction and cytokine release.
  • Immune knockout mouse models provide insights into C. jejuni pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • New genomic and experimental data are available for C. jejuni research.
  • Emerging tools will facilitate a deeper understanding of C. jejuni pathogenesis.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of this elusive pathogen.