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Physical activity and the elderly.

Wildor Hollmann¹, Heiko K Strüder, Christos V M Tagarakis

¹Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Hollmann@dshs-koeln.de

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation : Official Journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology

|November 29, 2007

Summary

Regular physical activity combats age-related decline in physical and cognitive functions. Exercise improves cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and brain function, counteracting performance loss and promoting healthy aging.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology and Exercise Physiology
Neuroscience and Aging Research

Background:

Aging leads to functional decline in coordination, flexibility, strength, speed, and endurance.
Cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle are significantly impacted by aging, with aerobic capacity decreasing by 8% per decade after age 30.
Age-related muscle mass reduction, motor unit loss, and endothelial dysfunction contribute to decreased strength and sarcopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of physical activity on age-related functional decline.
To explore the role of exercise in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle aging.
To examine the impact of physical activity on brain health and cognitive function in aging individuals.

Main Methods:

Analysis of age-related changes in maximum aerobic capacity, cardiac output, capillarization, and skeletal muscle mass.
Evaluation of a 12-week bicycle ergometer training program on aerobic performance in older men.
Review of imaging techniques and research in 'Exercise Neuroscience' concerning physical activity's influence on the brain.

Main Results:

A 12-week training program improved maximum oxygen uptake by 18% and aerobic-anaerobic threshold by 22% in untrained older men.
General aerobic dynamic training enhances endothelial function, aiding cardiovascular disease prevention.
Strength training is effective in preventing sarcopenia, while coordination and aerobic exercises counteract age-related neuronal decline.

Conclusions:

Adjusted physical activity, including aerobic and strength training, effectively counteracts age-related performance loss in the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle.
Physical activity positively influences brain health by improving neurogenesis and capillarization, and counteracting neuronal loss.
Exercise is a crucial intervention for promoting healthy aging and maintaining functional independence.