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Factors predicting ante- and postnatal growth.

Peter C Hindmarsh1, Michael P P Geary, Charles H Rodeck

  • 1Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University College London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom. p.hindmarsh@ucl.ac.uk

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|November 29, 2007
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Summary

Human infant growth depends on various factors throughout pregnancy and infancy. Conditional analysis reveals that placental size, influenced by gestation and maternal/paternal factors, impacts infant size, highlighting modifiable and nonmodifiable influences.

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Area of Science:

  • Human growth and development
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Pediatric endocrinology

Background:

  • Human growth is a continuous process, yet studies often analyze it at discrete time points, neglecting its conditional nature.
  • Understanding the multifactorial influences on human growth requires a nuanced approach that considers the dynamic interplay of various factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditional factors influencing human fetal and infant growth using a stepped analysis.
  • To identify determinants of placental size and their relationship with birth size and subsequent infant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Conditional analysis was applied to data from 1650 Caucasian mothers and their infants.
  • Infant anthropometric measurements (height, weight, head circumference) were collected at birth and 6 months.
  • Analysis considered factors influencing placental size, birth size, and infant growth sequentially.

Main Results:

  • Placental weight was significantly related to birth size.
  • Factors like gestation at delivery, maternal size, paternal height, and parity influenced placental weight.
  • Birth weight, gestation length, smoking during pregnancy, and infant sex explained a substantial portion of placental weight variance.
  • Maternal and paternal stature were equally influential on newborn and infant size.

Conclusions:

  • Conditional analysis reveals a dynamic series of factors influencing human growth at different stages.
  • Identified factors include modifiable elements such as parity, gestation length, and smoking cessation.
  • Nonmodifiable factors like genetics and infant sex also play crucial roles in growth trajectories.