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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

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Published on: August 18, 2014

Pharmacologic management of overactive bladder.

Sum Lam¹, Olga Hilas

¹St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, 8000 Utopia Parkway, St. Albert Hall, Room 114, Queens, NY 11439-0001, USA. lams1@stjohns.edu

Clinical Interventions in Aging

|November 30, 2007

Summary

Overactive bladder (OAB) is common and affects all ages. Antimuscarinic agents like oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin are key treatments, with this review detailing their efficacy and side effects.

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Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Urology

Background:

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a widespread condition characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence, and nocturia.
OAB results from involuntary bladder detrusor muscle contractions triggered by muscarinic receptor stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the efficacy, contraindications, precautions, dosing, and side effects of currently approved antimuscarinic agents for OAB in the US.
To review clinical trials of trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin to define their therapeutic roles.

Main Methods:

Literature review of clinical trials.
Summary of pharmacologic properties and clinical data for five antimuscarinic agents.

Main Results:

Five antimuscarinic agents are approved for OAB: oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin.
The article details the efficacy, safety profiles, and dosing of these medications.

Conclusions:

Antimuscarinic agents are the primary pharmacologic treatment for OAB.
A comprehensive understanding of these agents is crucial for effective OAB management.