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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...

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Related Experiment Video

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Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
07:48

Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: November 10, 2021

A novel composite: layered double hydroxides encapsulated in vesicles.

Na Du1, Wan-Guo Hou, Shu-E Song

  • 1Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a new composite material by encapsulating layered double hydroxides (LDHs) within vesicles. This stable Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticle composite shows promise for future applications in drug delivery and gene therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of anionic clays with tunable properties.
  • Vesicles are self-assembled structures formed by surfactants, widely studied for encapsulation.
  • Combining nanomaterials with self-assembled structures offers new possibilities for functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel composite material consisting of LDHs encapsulated within vesicles.
  • To investigate the self-assembly mechanism induced by Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticles in a mixed surfactant system.
  • To evaluate the stability and potential applications of the resulting composite.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of positively charged magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg3Al-LDH) nanoparticles.
  • Mixing Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticles with a combination of zwitterionic (dodecyl betaine, C12BE) and anionic (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, AOT) surfactants.
  • Characterization of the self-assembled structures and the composite material.

Main Results:

  • Positively charged Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticles induced the spontaneous formation of vesicles.
  • A novel composite of Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticles encapsulated within vesicles was successfully obtained.
  • The resulting composite material exhibited high stability.

Conclusions:

  • Mg3Al-LDH nanoparticles can act as a template or inducer for vesicle formation in specific surfactant mixtures.
  • The study successfully demonstrates the creation of a stable Mg3Al-LDH/vesicle composite.
  • This novel composite holds significant potential for applications in drug delivery and gene therapy due to its unique structure and stability.