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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Connecting a tumor to the environment.

Frank Entschladen1, Daniel Palm, Theodore L Drell

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. entschladen@uni-wh.de

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|November 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Tumor cells interact with blood and lymphatic systems through neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and with the nervous system via neoneurogenesis. These processes collectively promote tumor metastasis and spread.

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Quantifying the Brain Metastatic Tumor Micro-Environment using an Organ-On-A Chip 3D Model, Machine Learning, and Confocal Tomography

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Quantifying the Brain Metastatic Tumor Micro-Environment using an Organ-On-A Chip 3D Model, Machine Learning, and Confocal Tomography
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Published on: August 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Tumor cells release signaling substances influencing their environment.
  • Tumor vascularization (neoangiogenesis) is crucial for growth, mediated by factors like vascular endothelial growth factor.
  • Tumor interactions with lymphatic and nervous systems are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the coordinated roles of neoangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neoneurogenesis in tumor progression.
  • To understand how these processes facilitate tumor cell dissemination and metastasis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of tumor innervation and its impact on cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tumor-associated angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neurogenesis.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways regulating these processes.
  • Examination of the contribution of nerve fibers to tumor cell migration (perineural invasion).

Main Results:

  • Neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis establish vascular and lymphatic networks for tumor cell dissemination.
  • Neoneurogenesis involves tumor innervation, potentially through nerve ingrowth or protection of existing nerves.
  • Tumor-innervating nerves can release signals that promote tumor cell proliferation and migration.
  • Nerve fibers serve as pathways for tumor cell spread via perineural invasion.

Conclusions:

  • The three processes—neoangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neoneurogenesis—share common regulatory mechanisms.
  • These interconnected processes conjointly promote tumor metastasis.
  • Understanding these pathways offers potential targets for anti-cancer therapies aimed at inhibiting tumor spread.