Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026
07:29
Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
Published on: October 12, 2017
HIV-associated dyslipidaemia: pathogenesis and treatment
1Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada.
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|November 30, 2007
Summary
Dyslipidaemia is increasingly common in HIV patients due to the virus and antiretroviral drugs. Management involves lifestyle changes, medication adjustments, and pharmacological treatments to address metabolic derangements and reduce cardiometabolic risk.
Area of Science:
- Internal Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
Background:
- Dyslipidaemia, characterized by high triglycerides, low HDL, and high LDL cholesterol, is prevalent in HIV patients.
- Pathogenic mechanisms involve HIV itself, antiretroviral drugs affecting metabolic pathways, and drug-induced adipose tissue redistribution leading to insulin resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of dyslipidaemia in HIV patients.
- To highlight the link between HIV, antiretroviral therapy, and metabolic complications.
Main Methods:
- Review of pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for dyslipidaemia in HIV.
- Assessment of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.
Main Results:
- HIV and its treatment contribute significantly to dyslipidaemia and associated metabolic issues.
- Diagnosis requires a fasting lipoprotein profile and evaluation of secondary factors.
- Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, optimized antiretroviral therapy, and pharmacotherapy (statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors).
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive management of dyslipidaemia in HIV patients is crucial.
- Addressing comorbidities like insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk is essential for effective treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
01:25Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
01:29Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Considering cholesterol and...
01:24Lipid Absorption
Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...