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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Fluorescence Labeling to Visualize Low-Expressed Proteins in Zebrafish
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Zebrafish ae2.2 encodes a second slc4a2 anion exchanger.

Boris E Shmukler1, Jeffrey S Clark, Ann Hsu

  • 1Molecular and Vascular Medicine and Renal Units, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center E/RW763, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
|November 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Zebrafish have two AE2 anion exchanger genes. This study characterizes Ae2.2, revealing its role in chloride/bicarbonate exchange and its expression patterns in zebrafish embryos.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess two genes related to mammalian SLC4A2/AE2 anion exchangers.
  • One gene, ae2.1, has been previously reported.
  • The second gene, ae2.2, is characterized in this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To structurally and functionally characterize the zebrafish Ae2.2 anion exchanger.
  • To investigate the expression patterns of Ae2.2 mRNA in zebrafish embryos.
  • To assess the phenotypic effects of Ae2.2 and Ae2.1 knockdown.

Main Methods:

  • Gene sequencing and amino acid identity comparison.
  • Expression of zebrafish Ae2.2 in Xenopus oocytes.
  • In situ hybridization for mRNA localization.
  • N-morpholino oligomer knockdown studies.

Main Results:

  • The ae2.2 gene encodes a 1,232 amino acid polypeptide with high identity to Ae2.1 and mouse AE2a.
  • Expressed Ae2.2 mediates DIDS-sensitive, electroneutral Cl(-)/Cl(-) and Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange.
  • Ae2.2 activity is regulated by NH4+, intracellular, and extracellular pH.
  • Ae2.2 mRNA is expressed in various embryonic tissues, distinct from Ae2.1's pronephric duct expression.
  • Knockdown of Ae2.2, Ae2.1, or both caused no gross morphological defects.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish Ae2.2 is a functional anion exchanger with distinct expression patterns.
  • Ae2.2 plays a role in embryonic development, though its precise function remains to be elucidated.
  • Further research is needed to understand the specific physiological roles of Ae2.1 and Ae2.2 in zebrafish.