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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

[Olfactory dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia].

Małgorzata Urban1, Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

  • 1Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychiatrii Młodziezy Katedry Psychiatrii UM w Lodzi.

Psychiatria Polska
|December 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients often experience olfactory dysfunctions, including impaired smell identification, which may indicate broader neurological issues. These deficits are not exclusive to schizophrenia and require further investigation for potential endophenotypic use.

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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Sensory Science

Context:

  • Olfactory dysfunctions are increasingly studied in schizophrenia.
  • Deficits extend beyond smell identification to sensitivity, discrimination, familiarity, and edibility.
  • These impairments are observed in patients, their siblings, and even in children and adolescents with psychosis.

Purpose:

  • To explore the range and characteristics of olfactory dysfunctions in schizophrenia.
  • To investigate potential neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory deficits.
  • To assess the specificity of these deficits for schizophrenia and their utility as endophenotypic markers.

Summary:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibit smell identification deficits, present also in non-psychotic siblings and youth with psychosis.
  • Neuroanatomical abnormalities in olfactory brain structures are noted, though olfactory mucosa pathology is unlikely related.
  • While smoking and neuroleptic treatment showed no correlation, long-term pharmacotherapy's role is unclear. Deficits correlate with negative symptoms and IQ, but are not specific to schizophrenia, also appearing in Alzheimer's disease.

Impact:

  • Olfactory deficits may stem from subcortical or cortical pathologies not detected by standard tests.
  • Current evidence makes olfactory deficits challenging to use as reliable endophenotypic markers for schizophrenia.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise role and potential of olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia.