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Immunotherapy with Alternaria alternata: present and future.

A Martínez-Cañavate Burgos¹, A Valenzuela-Soria, A Rojo-Hernández

¹Pediatric Allergy. Pneumology Unit. Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital. Granada. Spain. anamcb@fundacionhvn.org

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia

|December 1, 2007

Summary

Fungal allergies, particularly Alternaria alternata, are underestimated causes of respiratory illness. Immunotherapy shows promise, with a 2005 study finding good tolerance in children receiving Alternaria depot extract.

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Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Respiratory Medicine
Mycology

Background:

Fungal allergies are more prevalent than previously thought and are underestimated causes of respiratory diseases.
Patients with fungal sensitization often experience perennial symptoms, worsening in summer and autumn.
Alternaria alternata sensitization is linked to a high risk of allergic respiratory conditions, including severe asthma, especially in children and young adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fungal extract immunotherapy.
To address the lack of standardized fungal extracts for diagnosis and treatment.
To assess the tolerance of a depot extract of Alternaria in children.

Main Methods:

A tolerance study of a depot extract containing Alternaria antigen was conducted in children.
Two different administration regimens (short and cluster) were used.
Incidence of local and systemic reactions was recorded.

Main Results:

The Alternaria depot extract demonstrated good tolerance in children.
The incidence of local reactions was 0.95%.
The incidence of grade 2 systemic reactions was 0.95%.

Conclusions:

Fungal immunotherapy, specifically with standardized Alternaria extracts, is a potential treatment for allergic respiratory diseases.
Further controlled studies are needed to establish the efficacy of fungal immunotherapy, including sublingual immunotherapy.
The findings support the safety of Alternaria depot extract immunotherapy in pediatric populations.