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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Gray and white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Stephen E Rose1, Andrew L Janke, Jonathan B Chalk

  • 1Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Stephan.Rose@cmr.uq.edu.au

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|December 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed significant microstructural changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Key brain regions showed altered water diffusion and white matter integrity, highlighting DTI's utility in AD research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Microstructural changes in brain matter precede clinical symptoms.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a sensitive MRI technique for assessing white matter integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructural alterations in cortical and white matter pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • To utilize optimized DTI and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for detailed analysis.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by microstructural changes in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of DTI-derived measures, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA).
  • Inclusion of 13 AD patients and 13 age-matched controls.
  • Application of an optimized DTI technique with fully automated VBM analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significantly elevated MD in gray matter regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, medial temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes in AD patients.
  • Posterior cingulate gyrus showed the highest concentration of increased MD.
  • Significantly reduced FA in the thalamus, parietal white matter, and internal capsule, indicating compromised corticothalamic and thalamocortical pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Rigorous VBM analysis of DTI data effectively reveals microstructural changes in AD.
  • The study highlights alterations in both gray and white matter in AD patients.
  • DTI is a valuable tool for understanding AD neuropathology.