Cadaverine protects Vibrio vulnificus from superoxide stress

An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal characteristic of the 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)-OH spin adduct, which is formed from the reaction of DMPO with superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase-mediated reaction, was significantly reduced by the cadaverine or Escherichia coli Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Likewise, cytochrome c reduction by superoxide was inhibited by cadaverine, and the inhibition level increased in proportion to the level of cadaverine. The cadA mutant of Vibrio vulnificus, which does not produce cadaverine because of the lack of lysine decarboxylase, exhibits less tolerance to superoxide stress in comparison with wild type. The results indicate that cadaverine scavenges superoxide radicals, and protects cells from oxidative stress.