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Diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian children and adolescents

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar1, Mala Dharmalingam, Sara Rani Marcus

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|December 7, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes (DM2) in South Asian children presents with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, unlike type 1 diabetes (DM1). Early recognition of DM2 is crucial due to cardiovascular risks.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a growing concern in pediatric populations worldwide.
  • Understanding the distinct profiles of type 1 diabetes (DM1) and type 2 diabetes (DM2) in children is critical for effective management.
  • South Asian populations exhibit unique genetic and environmental factors influencing diabetes development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical and metabolic characteristics differentiating type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
  • To assess insulin resistance and dyslipidemia patterns in pediatric diabetes subtypes within a South Asian context.
  • To identify early indicators of type 2 diabetes in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving sixty children divided into three groups: type 2 diabetes (DM2), type 1 diabetes (DM1), and healthy controls.
  • Clinical history, anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist:hip ratio), and presence of acanthosis nigricans were recorded.
  • Biochemical analyses included HbA1c, serum insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol. Insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR and QUICKI.

Main Results:

  • Children with DM2 demonstrated a significant family history of diabetes and clinical signs of insulin resistance (elevated BMI, waist:hip ratio, acanthosis nigricans).
  • DM2 group exhibited decreased insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia characteristic of metabolic syndrome (high triglycerides, total cholesterol; low HDL-cholesterol).
  • DM1 group and healthy controls showed different metabolic profiles compared to the DM2 group.

Conclusions:

  • Type 2 diabetes in South Asian children and adolescents is strongly associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome features.
  • These metabolic abnormalities in pediatric DM2 increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.
  • Early identification of type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian children is imperative for timely intervention and prevention of long-term morbidity.
Abstract

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