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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

Physiology of Urine Formation

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Abnormalities of the fetal bladder.

Jenny Yiee¹, Duncan Wilcox

¹David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

|December 7, 2007

Summary

This review covers managing fetal bladder issues like distension or absence found during prenatal screening. It details causes, treatments before and after birth, and expected outcomes for affected newborns.

Area of Science:

Perinatal medicine
Fetal medicine
Pediatric urology

Background:

Prenatal screening frequently detects fetal urinary tract anomalies.
Fetal bladder distension or absence requires careful evaluation and management.
Understanding the etiology is crucial for appropriate intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of managing fetuses with identified bladder abnormalities.
To discuss the causes, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
To outline the prognosis associated with these conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on fetal bladder anomalies.
Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques.

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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

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Published on: October 12, 2017

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Exam: Image Acquisition

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Compilation of current treatment guidelines for pre- and postnatal care.

Main Results:

Identified common causes of fetal bladder distension and absence.
Summarized effective pre-delivery interventions and monitoring strategies.
Detailed immediate post-delivery management protocols and long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

Timely diagnosis and management of fetal bladder anomalies improve outcomes.
Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimizing fetal and neonatal care.
Further research can refine treatment protocols and prognostic accuracy.