Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

Types Of Column Chromatography

Types Of Column Chromatography

The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A ribonucleic acid mapping brainteaser: solving a ribonuclease 4 / ribonuclease A crossword using pre- and post-column digestion.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026

Same author

Changes in the chemical defenses of an invasive toad indicate drivers and limitations of adaptation.

iScience·2026

Same author

Carotenoid-based immune response in sea cucumbers relies on newly identified coelomocytes-the carotenocytes.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Same author

Evaluation of ion mobility, uni- and multidimensional liquid chromatography for non-target screening of phenolic compounds in wheat flag leaves.

Journal of chromatography. A·2025

Same author

Assessing for Developmental Language Disorder in the Context of African American English.

EBP briefs·2025

Same author

Data-independent profiling of phenolic constituents in shea using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (RPLC × HILIC) hyphenated to cyclic ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. A·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum

2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum

Published on: December 8, 2023

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography applying two parallel columns in the second dimension.

Isabelle François¹, André de Villiers, Bart Tienpont

¹Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|December 7, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel interface enhances comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC x LC) by expanding separation space and increasing fraction transfer. This boosts effective peak capacity, improving resolution for complex sample analyses.

More Related Videos

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum

2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum

Published on: December 8, 2023

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC x LC) is a powerful separation technique.
Conventional LC x LC interfaces can limit separation space and fraction transfer, potentially reducing resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate a new interface for LC x LC systems.
To improve the separation space in the second dimension and increase the number of transferred fractions.

Main Methods:

The new interface adds a second two-position/ten-port switching valve, detector, pump, and parallel column to the conventional LC x LC setup.
The system was tested using Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography x Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC x 2RPLC) and Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography x Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC x 2RPLC).

Main Results:

The new interface significantly enlarged the separation space in the second dimension.
Effective peak capacity increased from 437 to 1095 for lemon oil analysis using NPLC x 2RPLC.
RPLC x 2RPLC enabled detection of impurities at 0.05% in a sulfonamide drug sample.

Conclusions:

The developed LC x LC interface enhances separation power and resolution.
This improved interface is effective for analyzing complex mixtures like lemon oil and detecting low-level impurities in pharmaceuticals.