Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Siva K Mulpuru1, Balendu C Vasavada, Gopi K Punukollu
1Department of Internal Medicine, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Ortner's syndrome, or cardiovocal syndrome, links hoarseness to heart conditions like mitral stenosis. This study classifies causes, explains the pathophysiology, and discusses treatment for this nerve palsy.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: