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Updated: Jul 9, 2026
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
Eccentric fixation in Stargardt's disease assessed by Tübingen perimetry
Andre Messias1, Jens Reinhard, Antonio Augusto Velasco e Cruz
1Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Purpose:
To measure eccentric fixation characteristics in visual fields of patients with Stargardt's disease.
Methods:
The positions of fixation loci (FL) in the visual field were determined by Tübingen perimetry (TP), using the position of the blind spots in 173 patients. Altogether, 669 visual fields were measured at baseline and during follow-up. Twenty patients were also examined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO).
Results:
Ninety-five of 173 patients showed a ring scotoma with central fixation in at least one test, which could persist for up to 18.8 years. The median age for a 50% chance of the development of eccentric fixation was 23.6 years. One hundred four patients (203 eyes) used eccentric fixation in at least one eye; in 154 eyes, the FL was placed below the scotoma and in 33 eyes to the left of it, in 11 to the right of it, and in 5 above it. Once the FL was chosen, it remained within the same visual field area at subsequent tests, varying on average by 1.76 degrees. Compared with SLO results, the mean distance between FL and PRL was 1.90 degrees.
Conclusions:
It is possible to determine the position of the FL by perimetry with sufficient accuracy if the blind spot is well delimited. Stargardt patients can keep central fixation for different time intervals before changing to an eccentric FL. Most of them show an FL below the central scotoma, which is considered favorable for horizontal reading.
