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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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A DNA/Ki67-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Vaccinated Mice
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Prolonged antigen expression following DNA vaccination impairs effector CD8+ T cell function and memory development.

Joanna N Radcliffe1, Joanne S Roddick, Freda K Stevenson

  • 1Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Transient antigen expression during CD8+ T cell priming generates more effector cells and a stronger secondary response compared to sustained antigen exposure, informing DNA vaccine design.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Naive T cells initiate expansion, contraction, and memory formation post-priming.
  • CD8+ T cell commitment typically requires brief antigenic stimulation.
  • Antigen persistence can influence CD8+ T cell fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how prolonged antigen presentation affects CD8+ T cell expansion and function.
  • To compare the impact of transient versus sustained antigen expression on effector and memory CD8+ T cell development.
  • To inform the design of effective DNA-based CD8+ T cell vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized DNA delivery for antigen priming.
  • Employed a drug-responsive system to control antigen expression levels after DNA injection.
  • Assessed effector CD8+ T cell expansion and function.
  • Evaluated memory CD8+ T cell development and secondary response upon boosting.

Main Results:

  • Reducing antigen expression to a single burst significantly increased peptide-specific effector CD8+ T cell numbers compared to sustained antigen exposure.
  • Sustained antigen maintained higher numbers of tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells but showed limited expansion (4-fold) upon boosting.
  • Transient antigen expression induced greater expansion (35-fold) of CD8+ T cells during secondary response.
  • Transient antigen priming resulted in a superior net secondary immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged cross-presentation can limit effector CD8+ T cell expansion and function.
  • Transient antigen expression at priming is more effective for generating robust CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity.
  • DNA-based CD8+ T cell vaccines should aim for a short burst of antigen delivery for optimal efficacy.