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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Autism spectrum disorders: concurrent clinical disorders.

Xue Ming1, Michael Brimacombe, Janti Chaaban

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA. mingxu@umdnj.edu

Journal of Child Neurology
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder often have multiple medical and psychiatric conditions. Identifying these co-occurrences may reveal subgroups and inform better treatment strategies for autism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents with significant heterogeneity in clinical manifestations.
  • Concurrent medical and psychiatric conditions are common in children with ASD.
  • Understanding these co-occurrences is crucial for comprehensive care and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize clinical co-occurrences in a cohort of children with ASD.
  • To identify potential subgroups within ASD based on co-occurring conditions.
  • To investigate associations between medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 160 children diagnosed with ASD.
  • Data collected from The Autism Center between 1999 and 2003.
  • Assessment of medical (e.g., sleep disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction) and psychiatric (e.g., mood disorders, behavioral issues) comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of multiple medical and psychiatric co-occurrences observed.
  • Sleep disorders were linked to gastrointestinal dysfunction and mood disorders.
  • Food intolerance was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction.
  • Mood disorders correlated with aggressive or self-injurious behaviors.
  • Developmental regression was not linked to increased comorbidity.

Conclusions:

  • ASD is frequently accompanied by multiple medical and psychiatric issues.
  • Potential common pathophysiological mechanisms may underlie clinical subgroups in ASD.
  • Recognizing concurrent disorders is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies for autism spectrum disorder.