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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...

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Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
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Map of differential transcript expression in the normal human large intestine.

Lawrence C LaPointe1, Robert Dunne, Glenn S Brown

  • 1Department of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. larry.lapointe@flinders.edu.au

Physiological Genomics
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study maps gene expression in the normal human large intestine, revealing distinct proximal-distal patterns linked to embryonic origins and gradual transcript changes. This provides a baseline for understanding colorectal diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Understanding normal gene expression is crucial for identifying disease-related changes.
  • Previous research focused on differential gene expression in disease, with limited data on normal tissue variation.
  • Regional gene expression differences within organs, like the large intestine, are largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create the first comprehensive gene expression map of the entire human large intestine.
  • To investigate gene expression patterns along the proximal-distal axis of the large intestine.
  • To identify specific probe sets and expression patterns (e.g., dichotomous, gradual) in normal colorectal tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microarray data from 184 normal human large intestine specimens.
  • Application of univariate and multivariate statistical techniques to identify differentially expressed genes.
  • Comparison of gene expression across different segments of the large intestine, from cecum to rectum.

Main Results:

  • Identified 219 probe sets differentially expressed between proximal and distal colorectal regions.
  • Found 115 probe sets with differential expression between terminal segments (cecum and rectum).
  • Discovered two dominant expression patterns: a dichotomous pattern (65 probe sets) reflecting midgut-hindgut origins and a gradual pattern (50 probe sets) with increasing expression distally.

Conclusions:

  • Established a gene expression map for the human large intestine, detailing transcript variation.
  • Demonstrated distinct regional gene expression patterns, including a dichotomous split and a proximal-to-distal gradient.
  • This map serves as a foundational resource for future research on colorectal diseases and gene expression.