Women and depression: a 30 year learning curve

This paper reviews 30 years of longitudinal research, initially undertaken to examine gender differences in rates of major depression and psychosocial risk factors for depression. The research focus has broadened to include the impact of anxiety on depression onset, coping styles for stress and depression, genetic and environmental influences on depression onset, and more recently, a shift towards examining positive mental health. The original cohort consisted of a socially homogenous group of postgraduate teacher trainees and does not attempt to represent the normal variability in an adult population. However, the issues raised by this research provide many insights about real and artefactual factors that contribute to the rate and experience of depression. The study findings are supplemented by data from other studies undertaken by this research team that are pertinent to the topic and add weight to some of the observations from the Teachers' Study.