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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Kinetic Energy01:21

Molecular Kinetic Energy

The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont. Consider a container filled with gas, with a continuous and random motion of molecules. During collisions, the velocity component parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not change in magnitude. If the molecule’s velocity changes in the x-direction, then its momentum is changed. During the short time of the...
Kinetic Energy00:23

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...

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Advances in CE for kinetic studies.

Carl I D Newman1, Greg E Collins

  • 1Strategic Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. newman.carl@gmail.com

Electrophoresis
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) offers a powerful method for studying molecular interactions. This review details advanced techniques for calculating reaction rate constants using CE, addressing a gap in current research.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a versatile technique for investigating molecular interactions.
  • Existing CE methods excel at determining thermodynamic parameters like binding constants.
  • Methods for calculating reaction rate constants using CE are less developed but advancing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe methods for determining reaction rate constants via CE.
  • To detail the assumptions, methodologies, and limitations of these rate constant calculation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of theoretical and experimental advances in CE for kinetic analysis.
  • Description of methods employing computer simulations for numerical determination of rate constants.

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  • Overview of approaches that calculate rate constants directly using analytical equations.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of diverse computational and analytical strategies for CE-based kinetic studies.
    • Comparison of different methods based on underlying assumptions and experimental requirements.
    • Highlighting the limitations inherent in each approach for calculating rate constants.

    Conclusions:

    • CE offers unique advantages for studying molecular interactions, including kinetics.
    • Recent theoretical and experimental progress enables more robust determination of reaction rates.
    • This review provides a framework for selecting appropriate CE methods for kinetic analysis.