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Design and applications of coupled SPE-CE
F W Alexander Tempels1, Willy J M Underberg, Govert W Somsen
1Division of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Electrophoresis
|December 7, 2007
Summary
Combining capillary electrophoresis (CE) with solid-phase extraction (SPE) significantly enhances analyte detection limits. This review overviews coupled SPE-CE systems, interfaces, and future developments for improved sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Separation Science
Background:
- Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) inherently has low concentration sensitivity, limiting its analytical applications.
- Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) is a powerful sample pre-concentration technique that can address CE's sensitivity limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of coupled Solid-Phase Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis (SPE-CE) systems.
- To critically discuss the fundamental aspects, requirements, and interfaces for SPE-CE coupling.
- To highlight advantages, limitations, and future directions in SPE-CE technology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reported SPE-CE systems.
- Critical discussion of inline and online SPE-CE interfaces and their operational modes.
- Analysis of typical examples, advantages, and limitations of various coupling strategies.
Main Results:
- Coupled SPE-CE systems offer improved analyte detection limits compared to CE alone.
- Various inline and online interfaces have been developed for SPE-CE, each with specific operational characteristics.
- The selection of appropriate SPE materials and interface design is crucial for successful coupling.
Conclusions:
- SPE-CE is a valuable hyphenated technique for enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis.
- Understanding interface design and SPE requirements is key to optimizing SPE-CE performance.
- Further developments in SPE-CE interfaces hold promise for even greater analytical capabilities.
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