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An interesting property of a conductor in static equilibrium is that extra charges on the conductor end up on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate. Consider a hollow metallic conductor with a uniform surface charge density. Since the conductor itself is in electrostatic equilibrium, there should not be any electric field inside the conductor. Now, assume a Gaussian surface enclosing the hollow portion. Applying Gauss's law, the inner surface of the hollow conductor will not...
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The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
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Force and momentum are intimately related. Force acting over time can change momentum, and Newton's second law of motion can be stated in its most broadly applicable form in terms of momentum. Momentum can be applied to systems where the mass is changing, such as rockets, as well as to systems of constant mass. Also, momentum continues to be a key concept in the study of atomic and subatomic particles in quantum mechanics. One can consider systems with varying mass in some detail; however, the...
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According to the law of conservation of energy, any transition between kinetic and potential energy conserves the total energy of the system. Hence, the work done by a conservative force is completely reversible. It is path independent, which means that we can start and stop at any two points in the transition, and the total energy of the system (kinetic plus potential energy at these points) will remain conserved. This is characteristic of a conservative force. Some important examples of...
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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Leading the charge.

Derek C Radisky

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    |December 7, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Leading cells drive collective cell invasion by altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). This creates pathways for subsequent cells, crucial in cancer and tissue development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Biophysics
    • Developmental biology

    Background:

    • Collective cell invasion is a hallmark of malignant tumors and essential for tissue morphogenesis.
    • This process involves coordinated cell movement and interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM).

    Discussion:

    • Leading cells play a critical role in initiating collective cell invasion.
    • These cells modify the ECM through proteolytic and structural changes.
    • These modifications create channels that facilitate the movement of trailing cells.

    Key Insights:

    • Leading cells actively remodel the ECM to enable collective cell migration.
    • ECM modification by leading cells is a prerequisite for the coordinated movement of cell chains.
    • The study highlights the mechanical and biochemical interplay between cells and their environment during invasion.

    Outlook:

    • Further research can explore therapeutic strategies targeting ECM remodeling in cancer.
    • Understanding these mechanisms can offer insights into developmental processes.
    • Investigating the specific molecular players involved in ECM modification is warranted.