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Physiological Characterization of the Coral Holobiont Using a New Micro-Respirometry Tool
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Published on: April 28, 2023

Changes in coral-associated microbial communities during a bleaching event.

David Bourne1, Yuki Iida, Sven Uthicke

  • 1Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. d.bourne@aims.gov.au

The ISME Journal
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Rising sea temperatures during coral bleaching events alter associated microbial communities. A shift towards Vibrio-affiliated bacteria occurred before visible bleaching, indicating a potential early warning sign for coral health.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Coral Reef Science

Background:

  • Coral bleaching, driven by environmental stressors like increased sea surface temperatures, significantly impacts coral reef ecosystems.
  • The effects of thermal stress and bleaching on the microbial communities associated with corals remain poorly understood.
  • Acropora millepora, a key reef-building coral, serves as a model organism for studying these impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in coral-associated microbial communities during a natural bleaching event.
  • To determine the relationship between rising temperatures, coral bleaching, and shifts in bacterial assemblages.
  • To assess the temporal dynamics of microbial community structure before, during, and after thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal sampling of tagged Acropora millepora colonies over 2.5 years on the Great Barrier Reef.
  • Monitoring of sea surface temperatures and visual assessment of coral bleaching.
  • Analysis of microbial community structure using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone libraries.
  • Redundancy analysis (RDA) to correlate environmental parameters with microbial community shifts.

Main Results:

  • A severe bleaching event in 2002 led to a 64% decrease in zooxanthellae density, with recovery post-stress.
  • DGGE analysis revealed conserved bacterial profiles across colonies, but significant shifts occurred during bleaching.
  • Increasing temperatures correlated with an increase in Vibrio-affiliated sequences, preceding visual bleaching.
  • Post-bleaching, microbial communities returned to pre-bleaching profiles, suggesting host-microbe selection.

Conclusions:

  • Coral bleaching events induce significant, yet reversible, shifts in associated bacterial communities.
  • The increase in Vibrio-affiliated bacteria prior to visible bleaching may serve as an early indicator of thermal stress.
  • Corals actively shape and select their microbial partners, even under stress conditions.
  • This study provides molecular evidence of coral-associated bacterial dynamics during natural bleaching events.