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Chromosomal rearrangements in wheat: their types and distribution
E D Badaeva1, O S Dedkova, G Gay
1N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia. K_Badaeva@mail.ru
Genome
|December 7, 2007
Summary
Chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations and inversions, are common in polyploid wheat and triticale. B-genome chromosomes are most frequently involved, with geographic variations in aberration frequencies observed globally.
Area of Science:
- Plant Genetics
- Cytogenetics
- Crop Science
Background:
- Polyploid wheat and triticale are crucial global crops.
- Chromosomal rearrangements can impact crop traits and stability.
- Understanding translocation frequencies and patterns is vital for breeding programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the frequency and types of chromosomal rearrangements in polyploid wheat and triticale.
- To identify specific chromosomes and genomic regions involved in these rearrangements.
- To investigate geographic variations and potential evolutionary implications of chromosomal aberrations.
Main Methods:
- C-banding technique was employed to score chromosomal rearrangements.
- Analysis of 460 polyploid wheat accessions and 39 triticale forms from diverse geographic origins.
- Comparison of identified rearrangements with previously reported data.
Main Results:
- Chromosomal rearrangements were detected in a significant proportion of studied accessions.
- Single translocations were the most frequent aberration, followed by inversions.
- B-genome chromosomes showed the highest involvement in translocations, with specific breakpoints identified.
- Geographic variation in rearrangement frequencies was observed, with higher proportions in Central Asia, the Middle East, Northern Africa, and France.
Conclusions:
- Chromosomal rearrangements are prevalent in polyploid wheat and triticale, with B-genome chromosomes being particularly susceptible.
- Specific translocation breakpoints may represent 'hotspots' for rearrangements.
- Geographic distribution suggests both bottleneck effects and selective advantages may drive rearrangement frequencies.
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