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Efficient second-harmonic generation in birefringently phase-matched GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides.

K Moutzouris, S V Rao, M Ebrahimzadeh

    Optics Letters
    |December 7, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Efficient second-harmonic generation was achieved in GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides using femtosecond pulses. This research demonstrates high conversion efficiency for nonlinear optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Semiconductor Nanophotonics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is crucial for frequency conversion in optics.
    • Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) are key materials in optoelectronics.
    • Birefringent phase matching is a common technique for efficient nonlinear optical processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) of femtosecond pulses.
    • To investigate SHG in birefringently phase-matched GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides.
    • To achieve high normalized conversion efficiencies for practical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing femtosecond pump pulses (~200 fs duration) at 2.01 µm.
    • Employing type I nonlinear interaction in GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides.

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  • Fabricating and testing waveguides with varying widths and lengths (up to 1 mm).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved practical second-harmonic average powers up to ~650 µW with ~50 µW input power.
    • Obtained a normalized conversion efficiency exceeding 1000%W⁻¹cm⁻² for a 1-mm waveguide.
    • Recorded pump depletions greater than 80% and a second-harmonic bandwidth of ~1.3 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides enable efficient femtosecond pulse frequency conversion.
    • The demonstrated high conversion efficiency is promising for integrated photonic devices.
    • The results validate the effectiveness of birefringent phase matching in these semiconductor waveguides.