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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations: What...
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Electromagnetic Waves01:30

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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Elliptic vortices of electromagnetic wave fields.

S Chávez-Cerda, J C Gutiérrez-Vega, G H New

    Optics Letters
    |December 7, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers show that elliptic vortices in electromagnetic scalar wave fields exist and form propagation-invariant rings. These vortices propagate together without interacting, a finding also relevant to the Schrödinger equation.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Wave Phenomena

    Background:

    • Vortices in wave fields are crucial for understanding light manipulation.
    • Previous research focused mainly on circular or helical vortices.
    • The properties of elliptic vortices remained largely unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the existence of elliptic vortices in electromagnetic scalar wave fields.
    • To characterize the intensity profiles and propagation dynamics of these vortices.
    • To explore the applicability of these findings to other physical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic scalar wave fields.
    • Derivation of solutions exhibiting elliptic vortex structures.
    • Investigation of intensity profiles and propagation invariance.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
    11:00

    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

    Published on: July 19, 2016

    Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
    04:35

    Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

    Published on: July 28, 2023

    Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
    09:37

    Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

    Published on: August 26, 2019

  • Analysis of copropagation behavior.

    • Main Results:

    • Existence of elliptic vortices in electromagnetic scalar wave fields confirmed.
    • Intensity profiles are characterized by propagation-invariant confocal elliptic rings.
    • Copropagation of these elliptic vortices occurs without mutual interaction.
    • The findings are applicable to systems described by the (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation.

    Conclusions:

    • Elliptic vortices represent a novel class of structured light.
    • Propagation-invariant elliptic ring structures offer new possibilities for beam control.
    • The non-interacting copropagation suggests potential for complex optical systems.