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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.3K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Entropy within the Cell01:22

Entropy within the Cell

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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

5.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method
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Comments on the entropy-based transmission/disequilibrium test.

Warren Ewens, Mingyao Li

    Human Genetics
    |December 7, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new "entropy-based" transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) does not improve power over the standard TDT. Our simulations and statistical theory show the claim is incorrect due to flawed assumptions.

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    Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
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    Area of Science:

    • Statistical genetics
    • Population genetics
    • Genetic association studies

    Background:

    • A recent study proposed an entropy-based transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), claiming superior statistical power compared to the standard TDT.
    • The standard TDT is a widely used method for detecting genetic associations with diseases in family-based studies.

    Discussion:

    • This work critically evaluates the claims regarding the entropy-based TDT.
    • We demonstrate that the purported improvements in statistical power are not supported by established statistical principles.
    • The analysis reveals that inappropriate assumptions underlie the entropy-based TDT, leading to misleading conclusions.

    Key Insights:

    • The entropy-based TDT does not outperform the standard TDT in terms of statistical power.
    • Simulation results and theoretical statistical considerations contradict the claims of improved power.
    • The entropy-based statistic exhibits several undesirable properties, rendering it less reliable.

    Outlook:

    • Further research should focus on refining existing TDT methods or developing novel approaches with robust theoretical foundations.
    • Accurate statistical power assessments are crucial for advancing genetic association studies.
    • Re-evaluation of the assumptions and properties of statistical tests is essential for reliable genetic research.