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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

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Published on: July 29, 2011

Atrial fibrillation: a historical perspective.

Atul Khasnis¹, Ranjan K Thakur

¹Michigan State University, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Institute, Sparrow Health System, 405 West Greenlawn, Suite 400, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America

|December 7, 2007

Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common heart rhythm disorder, is now treatable and potentially curable due to technological advancements. This review explores the historical understanding of AF

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical History

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia.
Its diagnosis is often straightforward via surface electrocardiogram (ECG).
Complex electromechanical mechanisms contribute to AF's origin.

Observation:

Despite apparent diagnostic simplicity, AF involves intricate underlying mechanisms.
Technological progress has significantly advanced AF management.
Current understanding positions AF as a potentially curable condition.

Findings:

The article traces the historical evolution of AF understanding.
It covers advancements in pathophysiology, diagnostics, and interventional electrophysiology.
The journey highlights the transition from 'treatable' to 'curable'.

Implications:

Enhanced understanding of AF pathophysiology drives therapeutic innovation.
Technological breakthroughs are crucial for achieving AF curability.
This historical perspective informs future research and clinical practice in cardiac arrhythmias.