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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
08:40

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

Published on: August 1, 2013

Tumor-induced modulation of dendritic cell function.

Eva Gottfried1, Marina Kreutz, Andreas Mackensen

  • 1Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DC) are crucial for anti-cancer immunity but are often defective in cancer patients. Tumor factors and metabolites impair DC function, hindering effective cancer vaccines.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Published on: August 1, 2013

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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are vital antigen-presenting cells initiating anti-tumor T cell responses.
  • DCs infiltrate tumors but exhibit functional and phenotypic defects in cancer patients.
  • Tumor-derived factors (e.g., VEGF, IL-6, IL-10) and metabolites (e.g., lactic acid) contribute to DC dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction in cancer.
  • To identify factors contributing to impaired DC function in cancer patients.
  • To highlight the importance of correcting DC defects for effective cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dendritic cell biology in cancer.
  • Analysis of tumor-derived factors and metabolites affecting DC function.
  • Evaluation of the impact of DC defects on anti-tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • Circulating and tumor-infiltrating DCs in cancer patients display significant functional impairments.
  • Specific tumor factors (VEGF, IL-6, IL-10, M-CSF, STAT-3) and lactic acid are identified as key contributors to DC defects.
  • These defects compromise the induction of antigen-specific anti-tumor immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cell dysfunction is a significant barrier to effective anti-cancer immunity.
  • Addressing tumor-induced DC defects is essential for improving cancer vaccine efficacy.
  • Restoring normal DC function may be a critical prerequisite for successful cancer immunotherapy strategies.