[Imaging of acute brain inflammatory disease]
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Published on: April 6, 2014
G F Gualdi1, C Di Biasi, E Polettini
1Radiologia DEA, RM I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italia.
Abstract:
The central nervous system inflammatory disease can be due to any kind of infective agent (bacterial viral, fungal and parasitic), but entails also multiple sclerosis, a primary demyelinating disease in which the causal agent is unknown. MR imaging is, in most often, the procedure of choice, due to her multiplanar and multiparametric imaging, and to her better contrast resolution. The post-contrast imaging with double dose of gadolinium and late sequences enable visualisation of smallest pathologic foci or slightest blood-brain barrier alterations, with a sensibility very higher than post-contrast CT scan. In addition, RM provide to many functional informations, by means of diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy studies, Bold technique for cortical activation studies and Fiber Tracking technique, in order to demonstrate pathologic modification earlier than they are evident on morphologic imaging. Functional imaging is also employed to monitor response to treatment and damage reversibility.
Insights
Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is crucial for diagnosing central nervous system inflammatory diseases. Advanced MR techniques offer superior sensitivity and functional insights for early detection and treatment monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
Context:
- Central nervous system inflammatory diseases encompass infections and demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
- Accurate diagnosis relies on advanced imaging modalities.
Purpose:
- To highlight the advantages of MR imaging in diagnosing CNS inflammatory diseases.
- To emphasize the role of advanced MR techniques in early detection and monitoring.
Summary:
- MR imaging is the preferred diagnostic tool for CNS inflammatory diseases due to its multiplanar and multiparametric capabilities.
- Enhanced contrast imaging and late sequences improve visualization of subtle pathologies.
- Functional MR techniques (diffusion, perfusion, spectroscopy, fMRI, Fiber Tracking) provide early insights into disease processes and treatment response.
Impact:
- MR imaging significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for CNS inflammatory conditions.
- Functional imaging aids in monitoring treatment efficacy and assessing damage reversibility.
- These advanced techniques enable earlier detection of pathological changes compared to conventional methods.
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