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Related Experiment Videos

Thinking about conditionals: a study of individual differences.

Jonathan St B T Evans1, Simon J Handley, Helen Nelzens

  • 1Centre for Thinking and Language, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England. jevans@plymouth.ac.uk

Memory & Cognition
|December 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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People judging conditional statements differ in cognitive processing and general intelligence. Those using conditional probabilities exhibit higher cognitive ability and distinct reasoning patterns, challenging current psychological theories.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychological Theories of Conditionals

Background:

  • Two distinct groups of individuals exist based on judging conditional statement probabilities.
  • Previous research indicates differences in how people process conditional statements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if distinct processing of conditional statements underlies group differences.
  • To determine the link between these processing differences and general intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • 120 participants completed three cognitive tasks: probability-of-conditionals, conditional truth table, and conditional inference.
  • General intelligence was assessed using the AH4 test.

Main Results:

  • Individuals using conditional probabilities scored higher on cognitive ability.

Related Experiment Videos

  • These individuals displayed reasoning consistent with suppositional conditional treatment.
  • A distinct "defective" truth table pattern was observed in this group.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cognitive ability and distinct processing methods differentiate individuals judging conditional statements.
    • Findings challenge existing psychological theories on conditional reasoning.