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McGurk effects in cochlear-implanted deaf subjects.

Julien Rouger1, Bernard Fraysse, Olivier Deguine

  • 1Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR CNRS 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.

Brain Research
|December 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Cochlear implant (CI) users rely more on visual information for speech comprehension than normally hearing individuals. This suggests a visual bias in how CI users process audiovisual speech, even after regaining some hearing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Profound bilateral hearing loss can be treated with neuroprostheses called cochlear implants (CIs).
  • Speech comprehension is an audiovisual process, and auditory deficits may alter audiovisual integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate audiovisual speech perception strategies in postlingually deaf cochlear-implanted (CI) users compared to normally hearing (NH) subjects.
  • To analyze how auditory and visual cues are integrated for speech comprehension in CI users.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (CI users and NH subjects) were tested using vowel-consonant-vowel stimuli under unimodal, audiovisual congruent, and audiovisual incongruent (McGurk) conditions.
  • Perceptive analysis of mode/place-of-articulation and information transmission analysis were performed.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Both CI users and NH subjects showed similar sensory specialization, with audition transmitting voicing/nasality and vision transmitting place cues.
  • While both groups experienced McGurk illusions, CI users exhibited a visual-predominant bimodal integration bias compared to NH subjects' balanced integration.
  • CI users demonstrated a strong reliance on speechreading, consistent with previous findings.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear implant users show a cross-modal reorganization of speech comprehension.
  • This reorganization involves stronger recruitment of visual and visuo-auditory brain areas for speechreading in CI users compared to NH individuals.