Electroencephalography (EEG) recording techniques and artefact detection in early premature babies

Electroencephalography (EEG) recording techniques in early premature babies are not very different from those used for full-term neonates. Here, we emphasise the most important points: asepsis precautions, full knowledge of the clinical data and drug therapies, fundamental role of a well-trained technician in supervising the EEG recording and monitoring the baby. We discuss the best electrode positions, the most informative montages, and their standardisation between neurophysiological laboratories. Artefact detection constitutes an important aspect of EEG signal analysis in preterm babies of less than 30 weeks. It is obviously necessary to discriminate between meaningful information and artefacts. The complexity of the signal in neonates makes artefact detection difficult. We present some characteristic features and describe some methods for eliminating them. We underline the positive aspect of some artefacts and their clinical use. We emphasise the crucial role of the technicians.