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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Suspected malignant hyperthermia during sevoflurane anesthesia.

Shu-Chia Hsu1, Wei-Tai Huang, Huei-Ming Yeh

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan, ROC.

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
|December 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Malignant hyperthermia, a rare anesthesia complication, presented unusually in a child with jaw stiffness. Genetic testing revealed a novel RYR1 mutation, confirming susceptibility.

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Application of Dixon's Up-and-Down Design to Estimate the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Rats with Refined Movement Classification
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Application of Dixon's Up-and-Down Design to Estimate the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Rats with Refined Movement Classification

Published on: July 25, 2025

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Application of Dixon's Up-and-Down Design to Estimate the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Rats with Refined Movement Classification
03:02

Application of Dixon's Up-and-Down Design to Estimate the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Rats with Refined Movement Classification

Published on: July 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Genetics
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle.
  • It is triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine in susceptible individuals.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for patient survival.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old boy presented with jaw stiffness during anesthesia induction for a Hotz operation.
  • Tachycardia, hypercapnia, and hyperthermia developed, prompting suspicion of MH.
  • Symptoms resolved rapidly upon discontinuation of sevoflurane.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia based on clinical presentation.
  • Molecular genetic testing identified a novel mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) in exon 39.
  • This mutation confirmed the patient's susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

Implications:

  • This case highlights an unusual presentation of malignant hyperthermia in a pediatric patient.
  • The identification of a novel RYR1 mutation expands the known genetic landscape of MH susceptibility.
  • Early diagnosis and genetic confirmation are vital for managing MH and preventing future anesthetic complications.