Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...

Emission Spectra

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Phase Changes

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Shift-and-add image processing incorporated with the unsharp masking method.

Applied optics·2021

Same author

The origins of hot plasma in the solar corona.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2011

Same author

Rotating waveplates as polarization modulators for Stokes polarimetry of the sun: evaluation of seeing-induced crosstalk errors.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Improvements in birefringent filters. 6: Analog birefringent elements.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Improvements in birefringent filters. 5: Field of view effects.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Improvement in birefringent filters. 4: The alternate partial polarizer filter.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Small-scale jetlike features in penumbral chromospheres.

Y Katsukawa¹, T E Berger, K Ichimoto

¹National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan. yukio.katsukawa@nao.ac.jp

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 8, 2007

Summary

Scientists discovered tiny, fast-moving jets in sunspots called penumbral microjets. These jets, possibly from magnetic reconnection, may heat the solar corona above sunspots.

More Related Videos

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Published on: December 27, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Published on: December 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Solar Physics
Astronomy
Plasma Physics

Background:

Sunspots exhibit complex magnetic fields in their penumbrae.
Chromospheric jets are dynamic phenomena observed in the solar atmosphere.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize fine-scale jetlike features in sunspot chromospheres.
To investigate the origin and potential implications of these microjets.

Main Methods:

Observation of a sunspot using the Solar Optical Telescope on the Hinode satellite.
Analysis of image sequences captured through a Ca II H-line filter.

Main Results:

Discovery of penumbral microjets, characterized by a width of 400 km and duration under 1 minute.
These features are difficult to detect with existing observational capabilities.

Conclusions:

Penumbral microjets may originate from magnetic reconnection within the sunspot's complex magnetic field.
These microjets have the potential to contribute to coronal heating above sunspots.