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Leukemic transformation in patients with 5Q- and additional abnormalities
I Larripa1, S Acevedo, M V Palau Nagore
1Cytogenetic Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Background And Methods:
We analyze myelodysplastic patients with the 5q- marker as sole abnormality, or with additional anomalies, and their relationship to clinical evolution. The study was performed on 12 patients (6 females and 6 males): 3 with refractory anemia (RA), 5 with RA with ring sideroblasts (RA-S), 3 RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) and 1 with RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). The cytogenetic study was carried out on bone marrow cells at the time of diagnosis. The G- banding technique was used for chromosome identification. The follow-up was for 50 months.
Results And Conclusions:
Five patients (3 with RA and 2 with RA-S) showed a single 5q- marker. They had a long survival without evolution to leukemia. All cases with 5q- plus additional abnormalities: del(12p), del(7q), del(14q), i(11q) and i(17q), showed a neoplastic evolution in a short period of time. We can conclude that the presence of the 5q- marker with complex karyotypes or additional abnormalities is associated with a high risk of neoplastic evolution, indicating the prognostic value of cytogenetic study in myelodysplasia.