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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Is thyroid autoimmunity a risk factor for developing primary myelodysplastic syndrome?

Maria Dalamaga1, Antigoni Lekka, Konstantinos Karmaniolas

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, "Attikon" General University Hospital, 19, 28th October Street, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece. madalamaga@med.uoa.gr

Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
|December 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is linked to a higher risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This association, particularly for long-standing ATD, suggests a role in MDS development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid disease is a known comorbidity with leukemia and lymphoma.
  • The relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk has not been previously investigated using clinical and laboratory data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ATD and the risk of developing MDS.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 101 incident primary MDS cases and 101 matched controls.
  • Participants underwent clinical and ultrasound thyroid evaluation, along with serum analysis for thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4, TSH) and antibodies (thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase).

Main Results:

  • ATD was significantly associated with an increased risk of MDS (OR = 2.58).
  • Long-standing ATD (over 10 years) showed a stronger association with MDS risk (OR = 5.73).
  • MDS patients exhibited higher mean serum levels of fT3, fT4, and thyroid antibodies, and lower mean TSH levels compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest ATD plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of MDS.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking thyroid autoimmunity to leukemogenesis.