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Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
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Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance

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Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...

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Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
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Tissues

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Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern to perform specific functions. From an evolutionary perspective, tissues appear in more complex organisms. Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these categories is...

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Related Experiment Video

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Enhancing Tumor Content through Tumor Macrodissection

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Tissue concentrations: do we ever learn?

Johan W Mouton¹, Ursula Theuretzbacher, William A Craig

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. mouton@cwz.nl

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

|December 11, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting antimicrobial efficacy using tissue concentrations is often misleading. This approach, comparing tissue homogenates to blood samples, lacks pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic justification, potentially harming patient care.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Microbiology
Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

Numerous studies correlate antimicrobial concentrations in tissues with efficacy.
A common method involves comparing tissue homogenate concentrations to blood samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the scientific justification of predicting antimicrobial efficacy based on tissue concentrations.
To highlight the limitations and potential harm of current methodologies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on antimicrobial tissue concentration studies.
Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles relevant to drug efficacy.

Main Results:

The method of comparing tissue homogenates to blood samples is pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically unjustifiable.
Current data presentation and conclusions drawn from these studies are often misleading.

Conclusions:

The approach of predicting antimicrobial efficacy solely from tissue concentrations is scientifically flawed.
Misleading data can negatively impact clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Further research is needed to develop scientifically sound methods for assessing antimicrobial efficacy in tissues.