Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Navigating Human Astrocyte Differentiation: Direct and Rapid One-Step Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Functional Astrocytes Supporting Neuronal Network Development.

Glia·2026
Same author

Refined single-cell profiling captures a CCR5<sup>high</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T-cell precursor in multiple sclerosis.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same author

Induction of subtle blood-brain barrier dysfunction using preclinical diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubbles.

Fluids and barriers of the CNS·2026
Same author

Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals phenotypic differences between blood endothelial cells from oral mucosa and skin.

European journal of cell biology·2026
Same author

Measuring blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a critical appraisal of fluid biomarkers, in vitro models, in vivo imaging, and post-mortem approaches.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Distinct CSF lipidomic profiles are associated with five proteomic subtypes in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular neurodegeneration advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways
13:00

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Published on: October 16, 2016

SOX-18 controls endothelial-specific claudin-5 gene expression and barrier function.

Ruud D Fontijn1, Oscar L Volger, Joost O Fledderus

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sex-determining region Y-box (SOX)-18 is crucial for endothelial barrier function. It regulates claudin-5 gene expression, essential for forming specific paracellular barriers in endothelial cells.

More Related Videos

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways
13:00

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Published on: October 16, 2016

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Claudins form tight junction strands, determining paracellular barrier specificity.
  • Transcriptional control of claudin genes is vital for barrier properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify transcription factors regulating endothelial barrier formation.
  • Investigate the role of SOX-18 in endothelial barrier function and claudin expression.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes.
  • Overexpression and silencing of SOX-18.
  • Analysis of claudin-5 (CLDN5) promoter activity using deletions and mutations.
  • Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to measure barrier function.

Main Results:

  • SOX-18 was identified as a key induced gene during endothelial barrier establishment.
  • SOX-18 regulates CLDN5 expression, with a conserved SOX-binding site in the CLDN5 promoter being critical.
  • SOX-18 silencing impaired endothelial barrier function.

Conclusions:

  • SOX-18 plays an essential, nonredundant role in endothelial barrier formation.
  • SOX-18 regulates CLDN5 gene expression in an endothelial-specific and cell density-dependent manner.