Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To compare the numerical strengths of the first two, take two particles of the same kind. Since electrons are fundamental particles, they are a good example.
Since both are inverse square law forces, the distance gets canceled when the ratio of the two forces is considered. Instead, the ratio of the electrical and gravitational forces depends on...

Equivalent Resistance

Equivalent Resistance

In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...

Mate Choice

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Football-Specific On-Pitch Concussion Assessment Protocol-International Consensus Recommendations.

JAMA neurology·2026

Same author

Mucoactive agents in bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2026

Same author

Low concentration atropine eye drops and progression of myopia in children: multicentre placebo controlled, double masked, randomised trial in the UK (CHAMP-UK).

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026

Same author

Carbocisteine or Hypertonic Saline for Acute Respiratory Failure.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Randomised controlled feasibility trial of an intervention to increase activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in people with severe mental illness: Walking fOR Health (WORtH) study.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

How many cases to proficiency? A systematic review of the learning curve in endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Yes Sir, no Sir, not much difference Sir.

Mike Clarke¹, Lorcan Clarke, Thomas Clarke

¹School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. mclarke@cochrane.co.uk

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

|December 11, 2007

Summary

Adding a sender's knighthood to letters did not affect response rates or speed. This study found no evidence that the signatory's status influences recipient engagement in postal surveys.

More Related Videos

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Medical research methodology
Survey response analysis
Social science research

Background:

Investigating factors influencing response rates in postal surveys is crucial for data accuracy.
The perceived status of a letter's signatory may impact recipient engagement.
Previous research has explored various elements affecting survey participation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if explicitly stating the sender's knighthood in correspondence affects recipient response rates.
To analyze the impact of signatory status on the timeliness of survey responses.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted using postal surveys.
Letters were sent to medical professionals in the UK, with signatures randomly assigned as 'Sir Iain Chalmers' or 'Iain Chalmers'.
Response rates and time to response were compared between the two groups.

Main Results:

No statistically significant difference was observed in response rates between the 'Sir' and 'no 'Sir'' groups (91% vs. 90%).
The mean time to response was also similar, with 32 days for the 'Sir' group and 33 days for the 'no 'Sir'' group.
These findings were consistent with a systematic review on signatory status in postal surveys.

Conclusions:

The explicit mention of a sender's knighthood does not demonstrably influence the likelihood or promptness of response in postal surveys.
Evidence from randomized experiments suggests that signatory status, even a formal title like knighthood, has no discernible effect on survey participation.
These results contribute to a broader understanding of factors affecting survey methodology and response bias.