Can the oral flora adapt to sorbitol?

Area of Science:

• Oral microbiology
• Dental caries research
• Food science and nutrition

Background:

• Increasing use of non-sugar sweeteners as sugar alternatives in foods and drinks.
• General classification of non-sugar sweeteners as non-cariogenic.
• Specific concern regarding sorbitol's potential adaptation by oral flora, impacting its 'tooth-safe' status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate mechanisms of oral microorganism metabolism of sorbitol, focusing on mutans streptococci.
• To review existing research on sorbitol's effects on dental plaque acid production.
• To assess alterations in dental plaque flora composition following sorbitol exposure.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating sorbitol metabolism by oral bacteria.
• Analysis of research on changes in plaque pH and microbial composition after sorbitol exposure.
• Consideration of risk factors, such as salivary flow, in relation to sorbitol's cariogenic potential.

Main Results:

• Sorbitol metabolism by oral microorganisms, particularly mutans streptococci, is a key area of investigation.
• Research indicates potential changes in plaque acid production and microbial shifts in response to sorbitol.
• Individual susceptibility, especially reduced salivary flow, may influence the impact of sorbitol on oral health.

Conclusions:

• Frequent or prolonged sorbitol consumption is unlikely to increase dental caries risk in individuals with normal salivary function.
• A potential, albeit small, cariogenic risk associated with frequent sorbitol use exists for individuals with low salivary flow.
• Further research is warranted to fully understand the long-term implications of non-sugar sweetener use on oral health.