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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of DNA Double-strand Break (DSB) Repair in Mammalian Cells
13:10

Analysis of DNA Double-strand Break (DSB) Repair in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 8, 2010

DNA double-strand break repair and development.

E R Phillips1, P J McKinnon

  • 1Department Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Oncogene
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining genomic stability through DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is crucial for normal mammalian development. Defective DSB repair impacts development and can lead to diseases like cancer.

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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of DNA Double-strand Break (DSB) Repair in Mammalian Cells
13:10

Analysis of DNA Double-strand Break (DSB) Repair in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 8, 2010

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Normal organism development necessitates a robust response to DNA damage.
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly harmful DNA lesions.
  • The cellular response to DSBs involves integrated sensing and signaling to maintain genomic stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on the essential requirements of the DNA DSB response.
  • The review examines how this response maintains homeostasis during mammalian development.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response pathways.
  • Examines the link between DSB repair and developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Defective DNA DSB repair outcomes are dependent on the organism's developmental stage.
  • The consequences of impaired DSB repair often exhibit significant tissue specificity.
  • Deficiencies in DNA DSB repair are implicated in human diseases including neuropathology, immune deficiency, growth retardation, and cancer predisposition.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA double-strand break (DSB) response is critical for maintaining genomic stability during mammalian development.
  • Understanding these pathways is vital for comprehending developmental disorders and associated diseases.