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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Triplex-forming ability of modified oligonucleotides.

Torben Højland1, B Ravindra Babu, Torsten Bryld

  • 1Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. tohoe00@student.sdu.dk

Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored modified nucleotide analogs for forming stable DNA triplexes. N2-glycyl-functionalized 2-amino-LNA monomers demonstrated exceptional triplex stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Nucleic acid chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are crucial for targeted DNA interactions.
  • Developing stable TFOs with modified nucleotide analogs is essential for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the triplex-forming ability of various modified nucleotide analogs.
  • To identify nucleotide modifications that enhance the stability of DNA triplexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of modified nucleotide analogs including 4'-C-hydroxymethyl, locked nucleic acid (LNA), 2'-amino-LNA, and N2'-functionalized 2'-amino-LNA.
  • Formation and stability assessment of DNA triplexes incorporating these modified monomers.

Main Results:

  • Several nucleotide analogs were assessed for their capacity to form DNA triplexes.
  • Triplexes incorporating N2'-glycyl-functionalized 2'-amino-LNA monomers exhibited particularly high stability.

Conclusions:

  • N2'-glycyl-functionalized 2'-amino-LNA represents a promising modification for creating highly stable triplex-forming oligonucleotides.
  • These findings contribute to the development of advanced nucleic acid-based technologies.