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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action01:26

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Translating basic science to improve pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence.

Jennifer M Phillips1, Steven J Siegel, Alexandra E Shields

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transdisciplinary research is key to understanding and treating nicotine dependence. This approach integrates neuroscience, genetics, and behavioral science to create effective clinical treatments.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

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09:59

Utilizing pHluorin-tagged Receptors to Monitor Subcellular Localization and Trafficking

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Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
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Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: October 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Behavioral Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nicotine dependence is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors.
  • A transdisciplinary research model is valuable for addressing this complexity.
  • Effective treatment requires integrating basic science discoveries into clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight transdisciplinary research efforts in nicotine dependence.
  • To describe research at the University of Pennsylvania Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center (TTURC).
  • To outline the elucidation of the neurobiological and genetic basis of nicotine dependence and the development of novel treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Applying a transdisciplinary research model.
  • Integrating findings from basic neuroscience, pharmacology, genetics, and behavioral science.
  • Translating research discoveries into clinical and community practice.

Main Results:

  • Research efforts are focused on understanding the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of nicotine dependence.
  • Novel medications for nicotine dependence are being developed.
  • Strategies for translating research findings into practical applications are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • Transdisciplinary research is essential for advancing the treatment of nicotine dependence.
  • Integrating diverse scientific fields accelerates the development of effective interventions.
  • The University of Pennsylvania TTURC is contributing to this goal through its multifaceted research approach.